Radiation safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Radiation security - Essay Example Therefore, the Australian government has created, actualized and upheld certain laws and guidelines that direct conduct during the presentation of obligations. The clinical field has especially been given inclination on the grounds that procedural ramifications impact the life of the patient. This paper assesses the ‘RADIATION SAFETY ACT OF 1975-1999’. In particular, it subtleties the part of patient security and measures that have been embraced to guarantee this is maintained consistently. Without a doubt, the Act has an exceptionally solid relationship with the clinical imaging field and in this way impacts related peculiarities and choices. RADIATION SAFETY ACT 1975-1999 The Act delivers various issues identified with the field of radiology all in all ideas without setting specific accentuation on a particular field. It has five unique parts that are additionally partitioned into different areas. Maybe the most fascinating group relates to part III named ‘RADIAT ION SAFETY GENERAL REGULATIONS’. Specifically, segment 19A delivers issues relating to irregular or impromptu radiation introduction. In this regard, the Act recognizes that patients, clinical specialists and guests are on the whole powerless against the presentation of radioactivity (UN 2000, p. 68). Other than enumerating different structures through which the impromptu introduction happens, the Act underscores that quantifies that should be attempted to shield the patients from the impacts of the hazardous radiation. In their complete survey, Strom and Watson (2002, P. 375) show that during the radio helpful system, the most minimal portion ought to be given to the patient. In this regard, it ought to be recognized that there are various portions that are gotten by the patient during the technique. Specifically, there are dosages aimed at the influenced organ and there are different portions that arrive at the organs nearby this specific organ. Ostensibly, the organ that r equires clinical consideration needs to get the adequate portion for ideal results (Radiation assurance in Nuclear Medicare, 2008). In this manner if the radiation to that specific tissue is inadequate, the degree of adequacy of the strategy would be diminished altogether. Then again, measures should be attempted to guarantee that portions arriving at different issues are negligible. Likewise worth recognizing for their commitment to understanding security during the technique are the operational and plan thought. In his instructive research, Bossuyt (2003, p. 8) states that the whole framework and hardware should be all around situated to guarantee that the portions created are adequate, important and viable. Consequently, it is critically essential to guarantee that the gear is in acceptable condition to forestall frequencies of spillages just as inadvertent overdoses. Basically, the plan just as utilization of the relative gear needs to target forestalling maladministration of th e specific radiation portions on the grounds that the cases have genuine outcomes (European Commission, 1998, p. 71). Another measure that has contributed fundamentally to the security of patients involves the adjustment of the specific radiotherapy hardware utilized during the system (Radiation Protection in Radiotherapy, 2008). In such manner, alignment just as testing of the presentation of the hardware needs

“The Thing” review Professor Ramos Blog

â€Å"The Thing† survey Thinking back to the 80’s, most sci-fi and thrillers picked up ubiquity for their enhancements. Movies, for example, Alien, E.T and The Blob astonished and unnerved crowds with their utilization of stop-movement, puppeteers, mechanical impacts, animatronics, and cosmetics. These are known as useful impacts. This is totally different from how most current movies are accomplished their belongings which is generally done through PC produced symbolism (CGI). In the 1980’s this innovation was not propelled enough and was not fit for accomplishing the exact outcomes that were required for films. These impacts take extraordinary specialized and imaginative aptitudes by any semblance of pragmatic impacts legends, for example, Rick Baker, Tom Savini and Dick Smith. However, none of these fore referenced craftsmen were the purpose behind the impacts in the clique exemplary, The Thing. That title alone goes to the commonsense impacts craftsman Rob Bottin Not just is utilizing down to earth impacts an exceptionally troublesome thing to accomplish yet it’s additionally an onetime chance to shoot the scene. I think that’s what makes down to earth impacts extraordinary, you’re like a crazy lab rat attempting things trusting it would work the first run through and on the off chance that you did ideally you caught it on film. I’ll give this film five stars in light of the fact that the impacts were accomplished truly well and the plot was excellent and it’s an incredible blend of science fiction and frightfulness and I don’t figure anybody can show improvement over that. Something else is that they made a prequel to it, additionally called â€Å"the thing† yet it is coordinated by Matthijs van Heijningen Jr in 2011. In this prequel, it is generally based off from how the Norwegian researchers interacted with the thing at their base and how it wound up in Antarctica in the 1982 â€Å"The Thing.† Not as much handy impacts were utilized however more PC produced impacts. Numerous individuals were expecting extraordinary reasonable impacts on account of the primary film yet numerous individuals were baffled when they saw the film on account of the abuse of CGI. The organization that was in charge of the enhancements was Amalgamated Dynamics, they were accountable for all the pragmatic impacts in the film they all endeavored to make the animatronics and props they did  but when they completed the process of shooting it something occurred and they didn’t wind up utilizing practically all the props they made by hand however utilized CG I rather and numerous individuals despised that on the grounds that the 1982 rendition was incredible and I think numerous individuals had extraordinary desires for this film and they just weren’t fulfilled toward the end. I additionally imagine that CGI ought to be utilized when important however not for the entire film yet that’s as I would like to think. Something else that was various was that they utilized a female character in the prequel. In the 1982 film the hero is Kurt Russel and in the 2011 film its played by Mary Winstead. Indeed numerous individuals were irate on the grounds that they utilized a female hero and not a male like in the first film but rather as I would see it Winstead worked admirably in the film. On the off chance that you haven’t seen any of these films, I would suggest watching them. It would leave you feeling suspicious and went crazy on the grounds that the down to earth impacts look so genuine. Its unusual, gross and terrifying and it merits acclaim for all the difficult work they put into it. Kurt Russel’s execution is noteworthy and the film by and large is wonderful, not exclusively is the plot acceptable and the cast is incredible yet it would leave you feeling awkward much after you watch it commonly. It will connect with your mind and get you engaged with the film, for example, not realizing who will be who or who is contaminated and how could they get tainted and that is the thing that I think makes a film an incredible film. I think Carpenter executed this revamp well indeed and I don’t think it got the acknowledgment that it required.  Even however it was a change he despite everything kept the first embodiment yet made it one of a kind In his own specific manner. That is the reason I accept that this film gets five out of five stars. Craftsman, John â€Å"The thing† In this film, a gathering of American researcher in Antarctica are doing research they at that point took a pooch in not realizing what it is, however they before long discover it’s not only a normal canine. Fahy Richard Thomas â€Å"The reasoning of horror† In this book it examines how individuals who watch blood and gore films love the sentiment of being frightened and furthermore for what reason do we return to watching them in the event that we are terrified. Money, Charles Zwerman, Susan â€Å"The special visualizations maker understanding the specialty of business of VFX† 2015 In this book it talks about what is the contrasts between useful impacts and PC produced symbolism otherwise called CGI and how special visualizations are dominating. Heijningen Jr. Van, Matthijs â€Å"The thing† A gathering of Norwegian scientists are in Antarctica when their vehicle breaks the ice and they find a shuttle in the ice. They at that point recruit a gathering of American analysts to discover what it is,â the thing at that point got away and it started assaulting the gathering individually, not realizing that it can take type of people they started to get neurotic and denounce one another.

Do Cash Advances Have an Interest-Free Grace Period

Do Cash Advances Have an Interest-Free Grace Period Do Cash Advances Have an Interest-Free Grace Period? Do Cash Advances Have an Interest-Free Grace Period?If you pay off your credit card regularly, you can avoid paying any interest on your balances. Unless that is, you take out a credit card cash advance Using a credit card can be tricky. One the one hand, they’re a great way to rack up awesome points and rewards, and they can also help smooth over those “two days till payday” blues. On the other hand, theyre also a great way to rack up excess debt on your card, which will hurt your credit score and leave you stuck with lots of interest.The key to using credit cards responsibly is to make sure you pay them off within the 30-day interest-free grace period. That way, youre basically getting those points or miles for free! But if you think the same thing applies to credit card cash advances, think again. How do credit cards work?When you take out a credit card, you’re basically opening a revolving line of credit. You’re given a maximum amount that you can borrow on the cardâ€"k nown as your “credit limit”â€"and you can borrow as much or as little against that limit as you like.Any time you make a transaction on the card, the amount that you paid is added to your balance. That balance then accrues interest as determined by the card’s Annual Percentage Rate, or APR. The higher the balance, the more money will accrue in interest.Every month, you will be required to make a minimum payment on the amount you owe. The formula for that minimum payment varies from card to card, but it’s often something like “$15 plus 2 percent.” Because the monthly minimum amount is so small, it can take several yearsâ€"or often much longerâ€"to pay off a credit card if you are only making your minimum payment.Almost all credit cards do, however, come with a 30-day interest-free grace period before interest starts to accrue on a given transaction. Pay off that balance within 30 days and you won’t be charged any interest!What about credit card cash advances?When you ma ke a transaction on your credit card, no cash changes hands. You simply swipe the card at the grocery store or enter the card’s information online and the funds are all transferred electronically.However, you can use a credit card to get cash if you really need it. Simply visit an ATM or a bank teller and you can charge a cash withdrawal to your card. The amount you charge is added to your total balanceâ€"just like any other credit card transactionâ€"while you receive that same dollar amount in physical cash.Do cash advances have a grace period?No, they do not. When you take out a cash advance on your credit card, interest begins to accrue on that transaction amount immediately. The sooner you pay off that balance, the less interest will accrue, but this does  mean that you can’t take out a credit card cash advance without paying at least some amount of interest.And that’s not the only way that a credit card cash advance will prove more expensive. First, you will usually be ch arged an additional fee simply for making the transaction. Second, most cash advances have a separate, higher APR from regular credit card purchases. Not only will interest start accruing immediately, but more interest will accrue overall.Unless you absolutely need cash and need it now, it’s best to avoid taking out a cash advance on your credit card.What about other types of cash advances?There’s another type of cash advance besides the kind you can take out on your credit card. These cash advances are a kind of short-term no credit check loan that you could get from a storefront lender or check-cashing establishmentâ€"or even take one out as an online loan.Basically, they’re the same thing as payday loans.These cash advance loans definitely don’t come with an interest-free grace period. In fact, that’s not even how they accrue interest. Finance charges for these types of personal loans are generally calculated as a flat rate and don’t accrue over time.Lets say you take out a $300 two-week cash advance loan with a 15 percent interest rate; your interest charge of $45 will be immediately added to the amount you owe. This means that paying off the loan early won’t save you any money at all.The rates on these loans are much higher than the rates for credit card cash advances. The APR for a credit cash advance might be something like 23 percent, while that 15 percent charge on a two-week cash advance works out to an APR of almost 400 percent!Furthermore, the lump-sum repayment terms for these short-term loans make them very difficult for many people to repay. That’s how they end up reborrowing the loan rolling it over, paying only the interest owed and extending the due date complete with a new interest charge. It can be all too easy for these borrowers to become trapped in a dangerous cycle of debt.Save up cash for a rainy day.While a cash advance might be a marginally safer bad credit loan option than, say, a predatory title loan or an overdraft free, that doesn’t mean it’s actually a good option.You might do better with a bad credit installment loan, but the best thing you can do is save up a cash emergency fund. That way, you won’t have to take out any debt at all to cover emergency expenses!To learn more about how you can build up your savings, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:8 Ways To Save Money Today, Tomorrow and Every Day AfterA Beginner’s Guide to Budgeting8 Good Habits to Get Your Financesâ€"and Your Lifeâ€"on TrackHow to Save Money When You’re Already on a Tight BudgetDo you have a personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |Instagram

Corporate Social Responsibility And How Corporations Are...

A combination of recent changed to the world scene and pressures from public opinion now requires corporations to take on a new role, social responsibility. Corporate social responsibility is a corporation’s initiative to monitor and ensure compliance with the law, ethical standards, and norms. It can also be defined as corporation’s actions that further social good and go beyond the interests of the firm in order to make the world a better place. Essentially a corporation should embrace the idea of corporate citizenship, the idea that businesses are socially responsible for meeting legal, as well as ethical and economic responsibilities placed on them by shareholders. Although this is an alluring concept, it is also a flawed one. It†¦show more content†¦Individuals are just as responsible as corporations, which is one reason why corporate social responsibility is flawed. Although individuals can be socially responsible, it can be argued that since corporation s have the most money and influence, they are the ones that have a higher standard of responsibility. Corporations can influence their workers, their consumers and possible their shareholders, which is more than an individual can do. It will take many individuals to reach the influence and effects that one corporation’s actions will have on society. Therefore, corporations should be more invested because they will be more productive in achieving their goal. It can also be argued that a corporation is an individual therefore they are socially responsible. The dictionary definition of a corporation is â€Å"a body formed and authorized by law to ac as a single person.† Also, the Supreme Court has also given corporations many of the same rights as individuals have, such as freedom of speech and the right to spend money in candidate elections. These individuals are the ones that have the most impact on the environment, which is why they should be responsible for ensuri ng the safety of the environment. Research has found that nearly 90 â€Å"individuals†, corporations, generated two-third of the greenhouse gas emissions, which has lead to the current climate crisis. Those individuals should be held

Career Development Plan - 1719 Words

Running Head: Career Development Plan Career Development Plan Part II - Development of a Training and Mentoring Program Chentrell M. Williams, MPA Human Capital Management – HRM 531 University of Phoenix Career Development Plan Part II - Development of a Training and Mentoring Program On February 22, 2005, InterClean, Inc. became a major force in the sanitation industry after acquiring a key competitor, EnviroTech. The company established a new strategic direction, and anticipates increased profitability in the next year. Additionally, the company expects the merger to increase sales experience and employee knowledge of the industry. The strategic plan includes 1) providing high-quality,†¦show more content†¦Performance standards â€Å"The ideal blended learning model is one that integrates a wide range of functions that empower learners with more control to participate in several formal and informal learning activities† (Baldwin-Evans, 2006, p.151). InterClean has performance standards in place to address employees work performance and staff development. The performance standards are based on the knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics taught dur ing the training sessions and the behaviors exhibited by employees and observed by management (Baldwin-Evans, 2006). Each new sales representative receives InterClean’s company manual and other training documents. These documents reinforce the personnel policies, departmental requirements, and procedures learned during the training. Delivery methods Adult learning principles describe how people learn differently and how training modalities, or training activities, should reflect these differences. Some people learn best by observing or listening, while others learn more effectively by reading and other visual media. Most people retain more information when they are actively involved in the process of learning, instead of passively sitting and absorbing the information. 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Catherine II was Russia’s first ruler, who was considered as enlightened Free Essays

Catherine II was Russia’s first ruler, who was considered as enlightened. As a child growing up in Germany, she was given an enlightened education. She enthusiastically read ‘enlightened’ literature, and soon became a disciple of the enlightenment. We will write a custom essay sample on Catherine II was Russia’s first ruler, who was considered as enlightened or any similar topic only for you Order Now As Empress she continued to read the works of Locke, Montesquieu, and Voltaire. Although it is widely accepted that Catherine II was an enlightened despot, it has also been argued that she did nothing more than allow the continuation of policies that had began in the reign of Peter I; â€Å"Although she claimed to be an enlightened despot, Catherine II did no more than continue the policies of her predecessors. † Another argument as to why Catherine didn’t carry out more enlightened reforms was due to her not wanting to make these enlightened reforms; the policies that Catherine II adopted were not adopted because of her beliefs, and/or her desire to create an ‘enlightened society’, but were instead taken out to maintain her power, and to satisfy her vanity. Historians like Harris claim that Catherine only appeared to be enlightened to enhance her reputation with the philosophes. This view is also taken by R. Charques, who states that the â€Å"enlightenment in Catherine was not much deeper than her vanity; despotism on the other hand was implicit in her ambition. â€Å"1 There has also been the case that Catherine had recognised the danger of going too far and/or too fast. She had experience the downfall of her husband for doing just that. As H. Nickelson puts it â€Å"No despot was ever more subtly aware that politics is the art of the possible and that everything can be lost if a states mangoes too far, or too fast† Another valid argument is that Catherine became more conservative, and less willing to change the laws of Russia, on the lines of the enlightenment, as she got older, and had come to realise the scale of problems which faced Russia. The enthusiasm with which she began her reign soon faded as the reality of Russian backwardness and it’s intolerance to change sank in. Harris sums up this point: â€Å"she coarsened with the exercise of power, her early idealism was abandoned as she learnt to understand the complexities of the Russian situation, and thus her enlightenment was only skin deep† A Key limitation to her ‘enlightening’ Russia was the role that the nobility played in supporting and maintaining her power. Although the aristocracy were glad to be rid of the ‘insane’ Peter III, Catherine had no claim to the throne. Many in Russia believed that she should only be regent for her son Paul, or that the ex Tsar Ivan IV should be re appointed. However with the support of the nobility Catherine could retain power for herself. But without the support of the nobility there was always the danger of the army who had so easily placed her on the throne could just as easily displace her. With all these limitations on her power Oppenheim asks: â€Å"would she attempt to put into practice some of her modern ideas about which she had read, or would she continue to govern Russia in the traditional mannor. â€Å"4 Since the death of Peter I, the nobles had slowly begun to increase their powers. Their compulsory state service, which Peter I had set up, was firstly cut to twenty-five years in the reign of Anna, and later in the reign of Peter III it was completely abolished, for that of hereditary peers, thus securing the role of the nobility in Russian society. Immediately after the death of Peter I there was an attempt by some nobles to restrict the power of the crown, via a supreme secret council. Cowie claims, † It consisted of six members drawn from the old and the new nobility. It’s powers included complete control of legislation, but it aroused such opposition from the nobility that these had to be restricted. â€Å"5 It is clear to see that the nobility then were powerful enough to attempt to limit the autocracy, which Peter I had established. However their own class opposed them, which left the councils power restricted. The supreme council tried some years later to limit the power of the monarchy. Upon the nomination of Anna as Empress, she was presented with a document that she had to sign in order to be crowned. This document would have allowed the nobles to have a share in how the state was run. â€Å"This would have been to turn her into a constitutional monarch. â€Å"6 Cowie also agrees with this statement; â€Å"If put into practice these proposals would have replaced Russian autocracy by an oligarchy. â€Å"7 However the document didn’t carry the mass support of the nobility. Again the nobility, which had the power to initiate a constitution, also had the power to stop its implementation. The ‘constitutional rights’ they requested in 1730 were more restrictive on the crown than those they had asked for in 1725, which supports the idea that the nobles had increasingly gained power after the death of Peter I. In 1730 the Privy Council itself went against the wish of Empress Catherine I (who had nominated her daughter Elizabeth if Peter II should die) and instead choose and crowned Anna Duchess of Courland. Not only was central government under more influence from the nobility, but local government too was rapidly falling back into the hands of the nobility. During the reign of Peter II the nobles who ruled on behalf of the boy- tsar, began to take back some powers in local government which Peter I had taken away. As Harris Puts it † if Peter II had lived long, all of the work Peter the great had done would have been undone. â€Å"8 Cowie also argues this point; â€Å"the reign of this boy czar was a triumph for the conservative nobility. † After the death of the Empress Elizabeth in 1762, Peter III became Tsar, and Catherine became his Tsarina. During his short reign Peter managed to alienate the Russian nobility in particular the guards and the army. He even antagonised the church and the senate. Dukes claims, â€Å"the guards could still make an empress or break an emperor. â€Å"10 He goes on to say that Catherine had the support of these valuable guards and could control them through Orlov, her lover at the time, and that she used this power to overthrow her husband Peter III. Madarianga agrees with Duke’s statement, she claims that â€Å"Catherine’s many friends in the army joined in a plot to dethrone Peter III, and seized power with her full approval and participation†11 During the coup of 1762 the support of the nobility ensured the quick and efficient disposition of Peter III, which according to Oppenheim was virtually bloodless, and an easy victory for Catherine, in which the crown was practically offered to Catherine. Oppenheim the claims that the experiences of a poor ruler like Peter III meant that â€Å"Catherine could only expect to retain as long as she able to demonstrate that she was an effective ruler. This argument has also been supported by Lentin; â€Å"as such she remained permanently dependant on the good will of the nobility who could dethrone her as easily as they had raised her up. â€Å"13 I too agree with both Lentin and Oppenheim, as Catherine’s first priority was to safeguard her own position, because those who had enthroned her could just as easily dispose of her. Harris on the other hand claims that Catherine could rely on the devotion of those who had gotten her in to power, and also on the fact that Russia was accustomed to an autocracy, and therefore would not have had to worry about appeasing the nobility. I disagree with this claim, although Catherine could rely on the devotion of the conspirators she still had to maintain the support of the rest of the nobility. As Lentin writes â€Å"It was after all, for antagonising the nobility that her husband and her son each met his death. â€Å"14 Catherine had watched the downfall of Peter III, and wasn’t going to make his mistakes. On coming to power Catherine had inherited a nation whose workforce was predominantly conscripted. The serfs worked for the nobles, and although in theory Catherine was against serfdom, she knew few nobles would support her in any move to free the serfs. Oppenheim claims that Catherine knew that â€Å"abolishing or even reducing serfdom would entail enormous social upheaval and violent protests from the nobles; and that she lacked the administrative machinery and armed forces to enforce such a reform against their wishes. â€Å"15 Princess Dashkora also tells of the noble’s unwillingness to emancipate the serfs she wrote, â€Å"a noble would have to be out of his mind to voluntarily surrender the source of his own prosperity. Madarianga disagrees with Oppenheim she says that Catherine is criticised â€Å"for giving away thousands of free peasants to her favourites and public savants, thus enserfing them†. This view is also taken by Harris who claims that the Russian occupation of the Ukraine â€Å"brought with it the oppressions of state power, taxation, forced labour and serfdom†17 Lentin takes neither views he instead takes the view that the circumstances prevented Catherine from helping the serfs not the nobles; â€Å"The gulf between noble and serf was had grown too wide for Catherine to bridge it. Faced with such an impasse she could do nothing. â€Å"18 I agree with both Harris and Madarianga because Catherine introduced serfdom to parts of her empire where it did not exist, where the nobles would not have pushed for it. On her own estates and lands the condition of the serf also worsened. By the end of her reign over a million people were enserfed by Catherine. Catherine was brought closer to the nobility in 1773-75, during the Pugachev revolt. Lentin states that the revolt made the â€Å"autocracy and the nobility wield together in a common self defence. â€Å"20 Harris also suggests that the Pugachev revolt aligned Catherine with the nobility; â€Å"her autocracy had been shown to rest squarely upon the support of the nobility. Stephen Lee has commented that the Pugachev revolt was an important stage in her reign, which made her see the extent of Russia’s problems. This is said to have forced her to abandon radical social reform, and instead maintain the existing social structure. Oppenheim has also claimed that the Pugachev revolt made Catherine more dependent on the nobility â€Å"the revolt undoubtedly increased social division and made both Catherine and the nobles aware of their dependence on each other. â€Å"21 The Pugachev revolt prompted Catherine to declare that she was â€Å"an aristocrat, it is my duty, and my profession. † The Pugachev revolt showed Catherine that she needed the nobility to maintain peace, stability, law and order. Thus at this point much of her enlightened were abandoned in order to appease the nobility and to reward them. The Pugachev revolt showed the need for a more efficient local government, as Pugachev’s early successes were due to poor local administration. Catherine changed Peter I’ system of government, which brought the nobility under the central government, to a system which enlisted the co-operation of the nobility in the running of local government. This gave the nobles the authority to govern the provinces in co-operation with central government. Harris sums up this point â€Å"Central government was recruiting from the nobility; they appointed the nobility to be governors and councillors, and the latter ruled the provinces in co-operation with the local nobility. â€Å"22 Oppenheim argues that Catherine had not given away any significant power away in the reforms of 1775 â€Å"since it was still the governor appointed by her who made all the noteworthy decisions at a local level. â€Å"23 Treasure sums up Oppenhiem’s point â€Å"skilfully Catherine presented the with the semblance of government†¦. She preserved the real power for those she chose the governors. † I agree with Treasure that Catherine retained the real power herself, while appearing to appease/ give in to the nobles. The reforms of 1775 bound the nobles to the crown closer than ever before. The reforms of 1775 led directly to the charter of the nobility 1785. â€Å"Her recognition of the shared interests of Tsar and the nobles was made explicit in the charter of the nobility. â€Å"24 The charter established the social pre-eminence of the nobility, and recognised them as a privileged caste with defined rights. Harris claims that â€Å"by recognising the privileges of the nobility, her own autocracy was left unchallenged, and with the support of the nobility she made Russia the dominant state in Eastern Europe†25 Oppenheim takes the viewpoint that â€Å"to her the charter meant that there was a firm legal basis for the social structure in Russia, instead of the archaic social system of Peter the great. For a ruler intent on giving Russia an enlightened and rational system of government this was a necessity. â€Å"26 Alexander claims that the charter didn’t increase the power of the nobility it merely confirmed in law the power they already had. I agree with Harris that the charter had aligned Catherine with the nobility. Any threats of a coup by the noble receded. The nobles had received what they wanted, secured privileges and status. Catherine had ensured that she retained all significant power. As Oppenheim puts it â€Å"The nobles now worked as willing junior partners of state, instead of unwilling servants of Peter I. Catherine II’s achievements in her reign were coniderable. However she is often critised for being insincere e. g for not bring about the sweeping reforms that she had advocated at the start of her riegn. Many of her critics question just how genuine Catherine really was. Many historians now believe that Catherine wasn’t a true disciple of the enlightenment, but instead used the principles of the enlightenment to advance her own popularity, and to satify her own vanity. Lentin supports the idea that Catherine wasn’t a genuine enlightened despot. He goes as far to say that Catherine was a hypocrite, who used â€Å"enlightened slogans as amask to conceal unenlightened policies†27 Harris supports the notion that Catherine was not truly an enlightened despot, but was instead concerned with her reputation with the philosophes and Western Europe. He tells us that Catherine was at great pains to show herself as an apt pupil of the disciples. Oppenhiem also agrees with Harris that her policies contradicted many of her writings. The Nakaz in particular was hypocritical, designed purely to impress the western philosophes. This helps to explain why very few of her ideals which shehad once read about were ever put in to practice. In some cases Catherine actually did the opposite to what the enlightenment proposed. Catherine made Russian society even more unfair. She cemented the privileges of the Russian nobility in law. As Shennen puts it â€Å"The liberties of the nobles constituted the liberties of a state or class and had significance precisely because other segments of the population, notably serfs, did not share them†28 On the other hand Blackwood suggests that Catherine was a genuine reformer, however the problems that faced Russia prevented her ideas from becoming a reality. James White supports Blackwoods claim, and he writes â€Å"altogether it is fair to describe Catherine as almost certainly enlightened in her wishes. 29 Andrews sums up both Blackwood and white’s argument; â€Å"Catherine was evidently influenced by the ideas of the philosophes but the size of Russia, the political power of the nobles and her own programme of conquest all prevented their being put into practice. † I personally agree with the argument that Catherine was genuinely ‘enlightened’, and that the reason why she couldn’t incorporate enlightened reform into Russian law was the complexities of the Russian situation. Catherine herself put this predicament well, when she wrote to Diderot; â€Å"With all your great principles which I understand very well, one would make fine books but very bad business. You forget in all your plans of reform the diference in our positions; you only work on paper which endures all things, but I poor Empress, work on the human skin which is irritable and ticklish to a very different degree. † â€Å"The most important reason why Catherine II could not achieve her enlightened ambitions was her dependence on the nobility. † To what extent do you agree with this view? How to cite Catherine II was Russia’s first ruler, who was considered as enlightened, Papers

Poetry analysis and Comparison

â€Å"Those Winter Sundays† by Robert Hayden Theme The theme in this poem is love and regrets. The issue of love has been explained in the actions of the father during the winter seasons. The dad could warm the house for his family including the son. This has been demonstrated on the 7th line which reads â€Å"when the rooms were warm, he’d call†. The son on the other hand demonstrates regrets in the last line. He was naà ¯ve and could not notice the father’s love and sacrifice at first.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Poetry analysis and Comparison specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Tone The tone is sad at the end. The speaker realizes his mistakes at the end when it is too late. All he used to do is to blame the father who used to work so hard for him. He never had a chance to thank the father for the sacrifices he made. Imagery and Symbolism Sundays in the poem shows church day. This shows how religious the father was. He wanted his son to grow with the best values. The church is the only place that good morals were taught a part form spiritual matters. Flashback The poem is about a boy who is remembering his past life experiences with the father. He has come to a reasoning point and he regrets ever blaming his father. He does not want to blame the father anymore because he has discovered all the accusations he made against his father were wrong. He now knows that the father was caring and loved him. Contrast The poem has mixed feelings. The poem shows the negative and cold thoughts of the son against the warm and positive feelings of the father. Point of View The speaker shows how naà ¯ve he was at first about the care of his father. He regrets the unthankful attitude he demonstrated to his father. He late discovered that he could have appreciated the father instead. â€Å"My son, my executioner† by Donald Hall (1928-) Theme This poem shows the theme o f life and death. A new life has been created and it is thrilling to see the bouncy little boy. But, the speaker pities himself because the old self has died. The old life cannot be renewed since they have entered a new chapter in life. They are going to have responsibilities as opposed to the free nature they had before.Advertising Looking for essay on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Tone The tone is both happy and sad. Happy tone has been shown by the life that has been caused through the transfer of genes from the father and the mother to the son. The father holds the son to be warm, this shows delight and love. At the same time, the father is sad because he is growing old and will soon die. He no longer celebrates the old free days which have been killed by the son symbolically. Symbolism and Imagery The son here refers to both life and death. Life has been caused through gene transfer the son. On t he other hand, death means bidding bye to the old days and life of the father. Imagery is seen in the line 7 that says â€Å"Cries and hunger document.† This shows the creation of a series of responsibilities for the parents which has caused the death of the old free and good life. Metaphor Several metaphors have been used. The son is referred to as death in the first line that says â€Å"My son, my executioner†. Point of View The speaker’s point of view is that children are a source of inspiration to life and at the same time and end to life. They reflect a seed that is left after the mother plant is dead. Therefore, they show continuity in life. On the other hand, they bring the old life to a halt since they come with responsibilities. To him anything good has a dark side. â€Å"Metaphors† by Sylvia Plath (1932-1963) Theme The theme in this poem is motherhood. The major aspect being elaborated is the issue of pregnancy. This is also demonstrated by the word â€Å"nine† that could probably mean the months a baby takes in the mother’s womb. That is the gestation period. The poem also signifies regret. This is shown by the fact that the speaker is complaining about the burden that she will experience as she â€Å"houses† the baby. Tone The Tone of the poem depicts ecstasy and regret. The mother is happy with the pregnancy, but she cannot imagine the issue of having the baby within her for nine months. She does not like her condition and cannot escape it too. She only requires a heart to endure through the agony of pregnancy. Symbolism Tendrils are forms of flowers. The speaker uses the two tendrils to depict the issue of reproduction. This is the fusion of two objects to form an offspring. Tendrils are a form of fertilization in plants or flowers. The nine lines also signify the gestation period of a human being.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Poetry analysis and Comparison specifically fo r you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Metaphor and Imagery The poem is full of metaphors. The second line signifies shelter. It shows how the speaker has been transformed to a shelter for an upcoming being. Line five through to nine refers to her increase in size which she does not like. The speaker seems to have been imprisoned by the pregnancy because she does not appreciate her status. Point of view The speaker’s point of view shows the burden that women experience during the process of pregnancy. She has not taken the experience positively and has a lot of complains about the changes that come with it. The poem signifies the negative effects that women experience during pregnancy. Though it is good to bear a child, the initial processes are not easy. â€Å"A boy named Sue† by singer Jonny Cash Theme The theme in this poem is revenge. The speaker is disappointed by the fact that his father gave him a feminine name. He is ashamed of the n ame and has had many series of ridicule from friends and from people who happen to know his name. He decides to pursue the father. His main aim is to revenge on the father. He has lived with shame and he has experienced a tough approach to life. The poem also depicts regrets as a theme. The young boy regrets having been given a girl’s name and he swore that his son will not have such a name. Tone The tone in the poem is angry. The speaker is angry with the father because the dad gave him a feminine name. The anger had been caused by incites he got from time to time as he grew up. He was forced to move from one point to another to hide from incitement and shame. The anger of the boy has also been demonstrated during his meeting with the dad. After he had found the father, they bumped into a fight. But, this lasted for a short while because he reconciled with the father afterwards Symbolism The use of gun shows how cruel the society and surrounding was. Normally citizens of an y society do not own guns, but in the poem both the dad and the son posses guns. It could also explain why the father wanted his son to grow tough. Maybe this could help him in self-defense. Point of view The speaker sees life as not welcoming at all. To him, life is a matter of struggling your way out especially to those who feel alienated. The alienation could be due to unfortunate decisions made by our own loved ones. To him the life he has lived has taught him a lesson.Advertising Looking for essay on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Comparison of the poems The major theme in the poems is the theme of regret. For example in the poem â€Å"My son my Executioner†, the son is regretting to have not noticed the struggles that his father made to him. This is different from the poem â€Å"A boy named Sue†. In this poem, the son is sincerely regretting his father’s choice of name. The father is an absentee parent and left him when he was young. His reason for naming him is that he wanted the son to grow up and be tough. The name does not impress the son at all and the son finally chooses to revenge on the father. Relevance of the Poems All the poems are relating to child bearing. This has been demonstrated from conception as in the poem â€Å"Metaphors†. The poems have highlighted the experiences of child bearing in both the father and the mother perspectives. The mother here only demonstrates the means of bringing the baby to the world. The authors have conveyed different challenges that affect both parents and the children in different settings for both caring and uncaring fathers. The poems â€Å"Metaphors† and â€Å"My son my executioner† demonstrates transitions in life. This essay on Poetry analysis and Comparison was written and submitted by user Nyla K. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.